Sarcoma de Kaposi en personas que viven con VIH-SIDA en un hospital público de referencia en Perú / Kaposi's sarcoma in people living with HIV/aids in a public referral hospital in Peru

RESUMEN El sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) es el cáncer más frecuente en las personas que viven con VIH. Las investigaciones sobre esta condición son escasas en la región, por lo que, el objetivo de este artículo fue describir las características demográficas, clínicas y terapéuticas de los pacientes con VIH que desarrollaron SK en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia entre el 2000 y 2018. Se identificaron 129 casos de SK, con una mediana de edad de 33 años, con predominio en varones con el 92% (119/129), y en su mayoría hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). La mediana de tiempo desde el diagnóstico de VIH hasta el del SK fue de cinco meses, asociado con un recuento de linfocitos CD4 de 64 células/µL (RIC: 33-185) al momento del diagnóstico de SK. El compromiso cutáneo fue el más común; sin embargo, al menos la mitad de ellos también tuvo la forma visceral.

ABSTRACT Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most frequent cancer in people living with HIV. Research on this condition is scarce in the region, therefore, this article aimed to describe the demographic, clinical and therapeutic characteristics of patients with HIV who developed KS at the Cayetano Heredia Hospital between 2000 and 2018. A total of 129 KS cases were identified, with a median age of 33 years, predominantly males with 92% (119/129), and mostly men who have sex with men (MSM). The median time from HIV diagnosis to KS diagnosis was five months, associated with a CD4 lymphocyte count of 64 cells/μL (IQR: 33-185) at KS diagnosis. Cutaneous involvement was the most common presentation; however, at least half also had the visceral form.

Sarcoma de Kaposi en pacientes que viven con el VIH en Guinea Ecuatorial / Kaposi sarcoma in patients living with HIV in Equatorial Guinea

Introducción: El sarcoma de Kaposi es una neoplasia oportunista asociada a la inmunodepresión causada por VIH, que se relaciona con la infección por VHH tipo 8. Objetivo: Describir la presentación del sarcoma de Kaposi en personas que viven con VIH en Guinea Ecuatorial. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de carácter retrospectivo para identificar la prevalencia y las características epidemiológicas y clínicas del sarcoma de Kaposi en las personas que viven con VIH que acuden a las unidades de referencia para el manejo de casos en Guinea Ecuatorial. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de una muestra aleatoria y representativa de 338 pacientes del grupo que ha recibido tratamiento en las unidades de referencia para enfermedades infecciosas de Bata, desde enero de 2007 a febrero de 2012. Resultados: Se identificaron 40 pacientes diagnosticados de sarcoma de Kaposi (prevalencia del 11, 83 por ciento). La mediana de la edad al diagnóstico de sarcoma de Kaposi fue de 43 años, siendo la ratio del sexo de 1/1. La media de linfocitos CD4 al diagnóstico fue de 166 (rango 21-375) y la frecuencia de afectación oral fue de 45 por ciento. En la mayoría de los pacientes (94,6 por ciento) la observación del sarcoma de Kaposi fue anterior al inicio del tratamiento antirretroviral. Las cifras de linfocitos T CD4/mm3 inferiores a 100 aparecían sobre todo en pacientes menores de 30 años, y esto era especialmente frecuente en el grupo de mujeres (OR 11, p <0,04, Ic 95 por ciento 0,8-148). Conclusiones: El sarcoma de Kaposi es una neoplasia prevalente en personas que viven con VIH seguidas en las unidades de referencia en Guinea Ecuatorial. En mujeres menores de 30 años podría existir un diagnóstico tardío(AU)

Introduction: Kaposi sarcoma is an opportunistic neoplasm associated to the immunosuppression caused by HIV and related to infection by HHV-8. Objective: Describe the presentation of Kaposi sarcoma in people living with HIV in Equatorial Guinea. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted to identify the prevalence and the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Kaposi sarcoma in people living with HIV attending reference units for the management of cases in Equatorial Guinea. A review was carried out of the medical records of a random sample representative of 338 patients from the group receiving treatment at Bata reference unit for infectious diseases from January 2007 to February 2012. Results: A total 40 patients diagnosed with Kaposi sarcoma were identified (prevalence of 11,83 percent). Mean age at Kaposi sarcoma diagnosis was 43 years, with a 1/1 sex ratio. The mean CD4 lymphocyte count at diagnosis was 166 (range 21-375), whereas the frequency of oral damage was 45 percent. In most patients (94.6 percent) detection of Kaposi sarcoma was prior to the start of antiretroviral therapy. CD4 T lymphocyte levels / mm3 below 100 were mainly found in patients aged under 30 years, a fact particularly frequent among women (OR 11, p< 0.04, CI 95% 0.8-148). Conclusions: Kaposi sarcoma is a neoplasm prevailing in people living with HIV who attend reference units in Equatorial Guinea. Late diagnosis could exist among women aged under 30 years(AU)

Sarcoma de Kaposi oral en paciente seropositivo, fase sintomática avanzada. Presentación de caso / Oral Kaposi Sarcoma, advanced symptomatic phase, in a seropositive patient. Case presentation

RESUMEN Se presentó el caso clínico de un paciente seropositivo, en fase sintomática avanzada. Fue atendido en el Servicio de Medicina Interna del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Docente "León Cuervo Rubio", de la ciudad de Pinar del Río, por presentar disnea, astenia, anorexia y pérdida de peso. Al examen oral se constató lesión tumoral de la lengua que dificultaba la masticación y deglución. La biopsia mostró sarcoma de Kaposi asociado al VIH/sida. La evolución tórpida y el estadio tan avanzado de la enfermedad, propiciaron el deceso del paciente (AU).

ABSTRACT The authors presented the clinical case of a seropositive patient, in advanced symptomatic phase. The patient attended the Internal Medicine Service of the Teaching Clinical Surgical Hospital Leon Cuervo Rubio of Pinar del Rio, presenting dyspnea, asthenia, anorexia and weight loss. On the oral examination, a tumor lesion was found making difficult to chew and swallow. A biopsy showed Kaposi sarcoma associated to HIV/AIDS. The torpid evolution and disease's advanced stage propitiated the patient's death (AU).

Etiopathogenic, epidemiologic and clinical-therapeutic comparison of non-hodgkins lymphoma and kaposis sarcoma / Comparação etiopatogênica, epidemiológica e clinicoterapêutica de linfoma não hodgkin e sarcoma de kaposi

ABSTRACT Background: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) are primary neoplasms derived from lymphocytes, and Kaposi's sarcoma (SK) is a multicentric disease of viral etiology and is associated with HIV. Aim: To study the etiopathogenesis and clinical characteristics of NHL and KS, describing their mutual factors. Methods: This retrospective investigation was performed on 101 medical charts. The patients were studied according to their age, gender, and HIV-positivity, following the PRISMA guidelines. The characteristics of the tumors and comorbidities were analyzed according to their age and lymphatic metastasis. Results: The mean age of the patients ranged between 15-87 years for NHL and between 25-54 for KS, but the age of patients with NHL associated with HIV did not surpass 34 years. The ratio male: female was 1,8:1 for NHL, but only men presented KS. HIV-positivity was found in five patients with NHL and in 14 with KS. The stages of NHL were: I (21%), II (18,4%), III (26,3%), and IV (34,2%), but KS were found only at III (40%) and IV (60%) stages. The lymphatic metastases were positive in 62 patients NHL and in four with KS. HIV-positivity occurred in 60% of patients with NHL and in 50% with KS. Conclusion: The HIV seropositivity was revealed for most of patients during the NHL and SK propaedeutic and none of them present clinical manifestations of AIDS. NHL associated with HIV was found only in young patients. NHL and KS patients have similar epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics.

RESUMO Racional: Os linfomas não Hodgkin (LNH) são neoplasias primárias derivadas de linfócitos e o sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) é doença multicêntrica de etiologia viral, ambas associadas ao HIV. Objetivo: Avaliar características clínicas dos LNH e SK, relacionando fatores etiopatogênicos mútuos. Métodos: Foram avaliados retrospectivamente 101 prontuários. Os doentes foram analisados quanto a idade, sexo e soropositividade para o HIV, de acordo com o PRISMA guidelines. Os tumores foram classificados por estadiamento, presença de linfonodos regionais invadidos e tipo celular. Resultados: A idade variou entre 15 e 87 anos para o LNH e 25 a 54 anos para o SK, mas a idade dos pacientes com LNH associado com o HIV não ultrapassou 34 anos. A proporção homem: mulher foi de 1,8:1 para o LNH, enquanto SK foi registrado apenas em homens. A soropositividade para o HIV ocorreu em cinco pacientes com LNH e 14 com SK. A invasão de linfonodos regionais foi positiva em 62 com LNH e quatro com SK. Os linfomas foram 27,9% de baixo grau, 17,4% de grau intermediário e 12,8% de alto grau. A soropositividade para HIV, foi diagnosticada durante a propedêutica do tumor em 60% dos pacientes com LNH e 50% dos com SK. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes portadores de HIV descobriram a soropositividade durante propedêutica para LNH e SK, sem manifestações clínicas de AIDS. Todos os pacientes com LNH associado com o HIV eram jovens. Pacientes com LNH e com SK apresentam características epidemiológicas, clínicas e terapêuticas semelhantes entre si.

Sobrevida e Fatores Prognósticos de Pacientes com Sarcoma de Kaposi Atendidos em um Centro de Assistência de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia / Survival and Prognostic Factors of Kaposi's Sarcoma Patients Attended at a High Complexity Oncology Care Center / Supervivencia y Factores Pronósticos de Pacientes con Sarcoma de Kaposi Tratados en un Centro de Atención de Alta Complejidad en Oncología

Introdução: A sobrevida do sarcoma de Kaposi ainda não é bem conhecida porque os poucos estudos que avaliaram-na foram, em maioria, conduzidos com pessoas vivendo com vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV). Objetivo: Avaliar a sobrevida e os fatores prognósticos pré-tratamento de pacientes com sarcoma de Kaposi associado ou não ao HIV. Método: Estudo retrospectivo realizado em uma coorte hospitalar de 81 pacientes diagnosticados com sarcoma de Kaposi entre 2000 e 2014, atendidos em um centro de assistência de alta complexidade em oncologia da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A probabilidade de sobrevida em cinco anos foi estimada por meio do método de Kaplan-Meier. O modelo semiparamétrico de riscos proporcionais de Cox estimou hazard ratios (HR) e respectivos intervalos de 95% de confiança (IC95%). Resultados: A sobrevida global em cinco anos foi de 50,9% (IC95%: 38,2-62,3). Os fatores associados ao óbito foram idade ≥50 anos (HR: 4,19; IC95%: 1,5-11,29) e sorologia anti-HIV positiva (HR: 5,82; IC95%: 1,90-17,85). Conclusão:A coorte apresentou sobrevida baixa. O prognóstico foi influenciado pela idade ≥50 anos e sorologia anti-HIV positiva, devendo esses fatores serem considerados na avaliação de risco pré-tratamento.

Introduction: The survival of Kaposi's sarcoma is still not well known because the few studies that evaluated it were mostly conducted with people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Objective:To assess survival and pre-treatment prognostic factors in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma associated or not with HIV. Method: Retrospective study conducted in a hospital cohort of 81 patients diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma between the years 2000 and 2014 treated at a high complexity care center in oncology in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The probability of 5-year survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios (HR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated following Cox's semi-parametric model of proportional hazards. Results:The overall 5-year survival was 50.9% (95%CI: 38.2-62.3). The factors associated with death were age ≥50 years (HR: 4.19; 95%CI: 1.5-11.29) and positive anti-HIV serology (HR: 5.82; 95%CI: 1.90-17.85). Conclusion:The cohort had low survival. The prognosis was influenced by age ≥50 years and positive anti-HIV serology, and these factors should be considered in the pre-treatment risk assessment

Introducción: La supervivencia del sarcoma de Kaposi aún no se conoce bien porque los pocos estudios que lo evaluaron se realizaron, en su mayoría, con personas que viven con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH). Objetivo: Evaluar la supervivencia y los factores pronósticos previos al tratamiento en pacientes con sarcoma de Kaposi asociado o no con VIH. Método: Estudio retrospectivo realizado en una cohorte hospitalaria de 81 pacientes diagnosticados con sarcoma de Kaposi entre 2000 y 2014 tratados en un centro de atención oncológica de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Río de Janeiro, Brasil. La probabilidad de supervivencia a cinco años se estimó utilizando el método de Kaplan-Meier. El modelo de riesgos proporcionales semiparamétricos de Cox estimó las razones de riesgo (HR) y los respectivos intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: La tasa de supervivencia general a cinco años fue del 50,9% (IC95%: 38,2-62,3). Los factores asociados con la muerte fueron edad ≥50 años (HR: 4,19; IC95%: 1,5-11,29) y serología positiva contra el VIH (HR: 5,82; IC95%: 1,90-17,85) Conclusión: La cohorte mostró baja supervivencia. El pronóstico estuvo influenciado por la edad ≥50 años y la serología positiva contra el VIH, y estos factores deben considerarse en la evaluación de riesgos previa al tratamiento.

Sarcoma de Kaposi epidémico en África Subsahariana / Epidemic Kaposi sarcoma in Sub-Saharan Africa

El sarcoma de Kaposi se ha convertido en uno de los tumores más prevalentes en África tras la epidemia de VIH, que afecta de una manera similar a hombres y mujeres. El retraso diagnóstico y el limitado acceso a tratamiento antirretroviral o quimioterapia condicionan el pronóstico de los pacientes que lo padecen. En este artículo se realiza una revisión sobre la referida enfermedad, con el objetivo de describir sus aspectos más relevantes en los últimos años en África, como son su epidemiología, caractéristicas clínicas y opciones terapéuticas existentes. Este tumor es provocado por la infección por virus herpes humano tipo 8, que resulta más prevalente en las zonas rurales del continente africano. Se postula la transmisión a través de la saliva como la vía más importante de contagio en África. La inmunodepresión que causa el VIH favorece el efecto oncogénico del virus. La forma epidémica de SK se manifiesta inicialmente como lesiones hiperpigmentadas o violáceas en la piel, que pueden extenderse a linfáticos o mucosas y a nivel sistémico, principalmente a pulmón o aparato digestivo. El síndrome de reconstitución inmune sistémica puede complicar la evolución del paciente. El inicio temprano de la terapia antirretroviral resulta imprescindible. Además, el pronóstico de los pacientes mejora con la suma de tratamiento quimioterápico con doxorrubicina, vincristina, etopóxido o bleomicina principalmente(AU)

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) has become one of the most prevalent tumors in Africa after the HIV epidemic. KS affects both men and women. Diagnostic delay and limited access to antiretroviral treatment or chemotherapy have an impact on the prognosis of KS patients. A review was conducted about KS with the purpose of describing its most outstanding characteristics in recent years in Africa, such as its epidemiology, clinical features, and existing therapeutic options. This tumor is caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8, which is more prevalent in rural areas of the African continent. Transmission via saliva was found to be the most important transmission route in Africa. HIV-related immunosuppression fosters the oncogenic effect of the virus. The epidemic form of KS initially presents as hyperpigmented or violet-colored skin lesions which may extend to lymph nodes or mucosae, or systemically, mainly to the lungs or the digestive tract. Systemic immune reconstitution syndrome may complicate the patient's evolution. Early start of antiretroviral therapy is indispensable. Additionally, prognosis improves with chemotherapy with doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide or bleomycin, mainly(AU)

The Amazon Ocular Oncology Center: The first three years / Centro de Oncologia Ocular do Amazonas: primeiros três anos

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the first three years of The Amazon Ocular Oncology Center, the first ocular cancer center in the North of Brazil. Methods: Here, we report patient information including patients' age, gender, diagnosis, treatment, and city of origin. Results: Two hundred and twenty-one patients were included on this study: 160 (72%) patients came from the city of Manaus, 52 (24%) from other cities in Amazonas, and 9 (4%) from other states. Of the 221 patients, 150 (68%) were afflicted with benign lesions and the remaining 71 (32%) had malignant lesions. Benign diagnosis included pterygium, chalazium, conjunctival nevus, and papilloma, cataract, and retinal detachment. Of the malignant cases, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the conjunctiva was the most frequent with 43 cases (60%). Other diagnoses included choroidal melanoma (8 cases, 11%), retinoblastoma (7 cases, 9%), lymphomas (5 cases, 7%), basal cell carcinomas of the eyelid (4 cases, 5%), conjunctival melanoma (2 cases, 2%), and Kaposi sarcomas (1 case, 1%). Of the 43 patients with SCC, the mean age was 62 years old, and 30 (69%) were male; 29 patients (67%) were treated with an excisional biopsy, and 14 (33%) were treated with neoadjuvant topic chemotherapy, followed by surgery.

RESUMO Objetivo: Reportar sobre os primeiros três anos do Centro de Oncologia Ocular do Amazonas, primeiro centro de oncologia ocular na região Norte do Brasil. Métodos: Relatamos informações de diagnóstico, idade, sexo, tratamento e cidade de origem dos pacientes atendidos nos 3 primeiros anos. Resultados: Identificamos 221 pacientes, dos quais 160 (72%) eram da cidade de Manaus, 52 (24%) de outras cidades do Amazonas e 9 (4%) de outros estados. Dos 221 casos, 150 (68%) eram lesões benignas e 71 (32%) malignas. Lesões benignas incluíram pterígio, calázio, nevus e papiloma de conjuntiva, catarata e descolamento de retina. Das lesões malignas a mais comum foi o carcinoma escamoso de conjuntiva com 43 casos (60%). Outros diagnósticos incluíram melanoma de coróide (8 casos, 11%), retinoblastoma (7 casos, 9%), linfomas (5 casos, 7%), carcinoma da pálpebra (4 casos, 5%), melanoma da conjunctiva (2 casos, 2%) e sarcoma de Kaposi (1 caso, 1%). Dentre os CEC de conjuntiva, a idade media foi de 62 anos e 30 pacientes (69%) eram do sexo masculino. Vinte e nove casos (67%) foram tratados com biópsia excisional e 14 (33%) com quimioterapia tópica neoadjuvante seguida de cirurgia.

Kaposi's sarcoma in persons living with HIV/AIDS: a case series in a tertiary referral hospital

Abstract: Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare neoplasm with indolent progression. Since 1981, the Kaposi's sarcoma epidemic has increased as co-infection with HIV. Objectives: The study aimed to identify the clinical and demographic characteristics and therapeutic approaches in HIV/AIDS patients in a regional referral hospital. Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 51 patients with histopathological diagnosis of Kaposi's sarcoma hospitalized at Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto (HUJBB) from 2004 to 2015. Results: The study sample consisted of individuals 15 to 44 years of age (80.4%), male (80.4%), single (86.3%), and residing in Greater Metropolitan Belém, Pará State, Brazil. The primary skin lesions identified at diagnosis were violaceous macules (45%) and violaceous papules (25%). Visceral involvement was seen in 62.7%, mainly affecting the stomach (75%). The most frequent treatment regimen was 2 NRTI + NNRTI, and 60.8% were referred to chemotherapy. Study limitations: We assumed that more patients had been admitted to hospital without histopathological confirmation or with pathology reports from other services, so that the current study probably underestimated the number of KS cases. Conclusion: Although the cutaneous manifestations in most of these patients were non-exuberant skin lesions like macules and papules, many already showed visceral involvement. Meticulous screening of these patients is thus mandatory, even if the skin lesions are subtle and localized.

Sindrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida: compromiso del corazón y de los vasos / AIDS: cardiovascular involvement

Las complicaciones cardiovasculares del SIDA, son a menudo asintomáticas, aunque en ocasiones pueden constituir la causa directa de muerte. Puede comprometerse el pericardio, miocardio, endocardio y los vasos, ya sea como manifestación de la enfermedad de base o como resultado de la terapia antirretroviral y su efecto sobre los factores de riesgo, en el contexto de una patología que es actualmente de evolución crónica y con mejores expectativas de sobrevida gracias a las nuevas drogas empleadas para su control y tratamiento. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión de los aspectos más relevantes del SIDA que comprometen al corazón y los vasos.

The cardiovascular complications of AIDS, are often asymptomatic, although some may be direct cause of death. Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, and vessels may be involved as a result of illness or the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy on risk factors, Today has become a chronic condition with improved life expectancy thanks to the development of new drugs for its treatment and control The aim of this article is to present a review of the most relevant aspects of AIDS involving the heart and vessels.

Consensus of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases and Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology on the management and treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma

Kaposi's sarcoma is a multifocal vascular lesion of low-grade potential that is most often present in mucocutaneous sites and usually also affects lymph nodes and visceral organs. The condition may manifest through purplish lesions, flat or raised with an irregular shape, gastrointestinal bleeding due to lesions located in the digestive system, and dyspnea and hemoptysis associated with pulmonary lesions. In the early 1980s, the appearance of several cases of Kaposi's sarcoma in homosexual men was the first alarm about a newly identified epidemic, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. In 1994, it was finally demonstrated that the presence of a herpes virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma called HHV-8 or Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus and its genetic sequence was rapidly deciphered. The prevalence of this virus is very high (about 50%) in some African populations, but stands between 2% and 8% for the entire world population. Kaposi's sarcoma only develops when the immune system is depressed, as in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which appears to be associated with a specific variant of the Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus. There are no treatment guidelines for Kaposi's sarcoma established in Brazil, and thus the Brazilian Society of Clinical Oncology and the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases developed the treatment consensus presented here.

frequency of human herepes virus type 8 among blood donors and post-kidney transplant patients in two specialized centers in Khartoum

Human herpesvirus-8 [HHV-8] is an opportunistic virus proved to be the cause of AIDS associated Kaposi!s sarcoma. Based on the emergence of HIV and its pandemic spread HHV- 8 is expected to participate in increasing the risk of Kaposi's sarcoma in areas where the rate of infection is high. There is a great need to study the epidemiology of the virus. To find out the rate of infection with HHV-8 in Khartoum among blood donors and post-kidney transplant patients. Venous blood samples were collected from 90 Subjects [60 blood donors from Elsalam Cardiac Centre [controls] and 30 kidney transplanted patients from IbnSina hospital]. The blood specimens were tested for Human herpes virus anti- IgG using ELISA technique. The overall rate of infection with HHV-8 was found to be 2.2%. The highest rate of infection [20%] was in the age group 46 years and more. The seroprevalence of HHV-8 was found to be 6.7% in post-kidney transplant patients. None of the control group proved to be positive for HHV-8. The rate of infection with HHV-8 was found to be relatively lower in the studied group.

Kaposi's Sarcoma: clinical and pathological aspects in patients seen at the Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes - Vitória - Espírito Santo - Brazil / Sarcoma de Kaposi: achados clínico-patológicos nos pacientes atendidos no Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes - Vitória - Espírito Santo - Brazil

BACKGROUND: Kaposi's sarcoma is a neoplasm of endothelial origin that is divided into four distinct types according to the clinical characteristics and the affected population: Classic (in elder men of Jewish or Mediterranean origin); Epidemic (in patients affected by AIDS); Endemic (in black African men) and Iatrogenic (in patients under immunosuppressive regimens). Human herpesvirus 8 infection is essential but not sufficient for the sarcoma development. OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiological, clinical and histopathological aspects of patients with KS seen at the Dermatology Clinic -Cassiano Antônio Moraes University Hospital - Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória - ES. METHODS: A descriptive and retrospective study based on clinical charts of patients with KS seen at the Dermatology Clinic from 1986 to 2009. RESULTS: The majority of the 15 cases were male patients (93,3%) and white (60%). Epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma occurred in 80%, and the Classic form in 20%, with no cases in the Endemic or Iatrogenic groups. All the histopatho logical exams of the cutaneous lesions were reviewed and a proliferation of fusiform cells, extravasated erythrocytes and vascular rifts among the largest vessels, assuming the "vessels in vessels" typical aspect, were seen. CONCLUSION: The number of cases of Kaposi's Sarcoma was linear throughout the years of the study, especially of the epidemic form, although the incidence and prevalence of AIDS increased in the state of Espírito Santo. Therefore, if we consider the relation between KS and AIDS, a decreasing line of Kaposi's sarcoma could be seen, especially after the introduction of HAART.

FUNDAMENTOS: O Sarcoma de Kaposi é neoplasia de origem endotelial, dividida em quatro formas clínicas: clássica (homens idosos de origem judaica e mediterrânea), epidêmica (associada ao HIV), endêmica (negros africanos) e iatrogênica (relacionada à imunossupressão). A infecção pelo herpes vírus humano tipo 8 (HHV-8) é necessária, mas insuficiente para que todas as formas possam ocorrer. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e características histopatológicas das lesões dos pacientes com Sarcoma de Kaposi consultados no Serviço de Dermatologia do Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio Moraes - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória - ES. MÉTODOS: Estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, realizado pela análise dos prontuários dos pacientes diagnosticados com Sarcoma de Kaposi, durante janeiro de 1986 a dezembro de 2009, no Serviço de Dermatologia. RESULTADOS: Dos 15 pacientes estudados, houve maioria do sexo masculino (93,3%) e predomínio da raça branca (60%). A forma epidêmica foi a mais freqüente (80%), seguida pela clássica (20%). Não foram observadas as formas: endêmica e iatrogênica. A revisão das lâminas das biópsias cutâneas foi feita nos 15 casos, e demonstrou derme com proliferação de células fusiformes, extravasamento de hemácias e fendas vasculares em torno de vasos maiores, com aspecto clássico de "vasos em torno de vasos". CONCLUSÕES: O número de casos de Sarcoma de Kaposi foi linear ao longo do estudo, especialmente da forma epidêmica. Por outro lado, a incidência e a prevalência da AIDS no Espírito Santo foram crescentes. Portanto, considerando-se a relação entre o sarcoma de Kaposi e a AIDS houve decréscimo do primeiro, mais acentuado após a era HAART.

[Kaposi's disease: epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological and therapeutic features in 75 patients]

Kaposi's sarcoma [KS] is a mutifocal angiogenic process characterized by cellular and vascular proliferation. To identify the epidemio-clinical, histological and therapeutic features of KS. Retrospective study of 75 cases of KS at the dermatology department of Rabta hospital in Tunis during a period of 25 years [1982-2007]. Three epidemio-clinical forms of KS were observed in our study: the classic KS [70 cases], the AIDS-related KS [4 cases] and the iatrogenic KS [1 case]. The mean age of our patients at diagnosis was 69.16 years with a sex ratio of 2.33. Elective site of cutaneous lesions in the classic KS was the limbs [87.1%]. The cephalic part was concerned in 17.1% of cases. Mucosal involvement was found in 28.5% of patients. Extra dermatological localizations of KS were observed in 32.9%. Our study identified some epidemio-clinical features of the classic KS especially the high frequency of mucosal and cephalic involvement as well as extra dermatological localizations. Thus further exploration is required even without alarm signs

Sarcoma de kaposi: clasificación y evaluación en Zimbabwe / Kaposi's sarcoma: classification and evaluation in Zimbabwe

Se realizó estudio prospectivo longitudinal con los pacientes diagnosticados de sarcoma de Kaposi (SK), quienes fueron atendidos en la consulta especializada para esa entidad en el hospital Parirenyatwa de Harare, Zimbabwe entre 2005 y 2006, a los que se les recogieron variables como edad, sexo, resultado de biopsia de piel, prueba de VIH, tiempo de detección de la enfermedad y estadios en que se encontraban. Se encontró que el sexo más afectado fue el masculino con 63,5 por ciento de los pacientes, 87,9 por ciento tenían menos de 16 meses de detección de la enfermedad. 93 por ciento de los pacientes se encontraban en los estadios 3 y 4 de la enfermedad, 95,3 por ciento de los pacientes se clasificaron como SK epidémico y endémico solo 2,6 por ciento; la relación masculino: femenino fue de 8:1 en el SK endémico. 77,1 por ciento de los pacientes con SK epidémico tenían entre 25 y 44 años y 59 por ciento de los endémicos tenían más de 55 años(AU)

A prospective and longitudinal study was done among the patients diagnosed of suffering Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). They were treated in specialized consultation for this disease in Parirenyatwa Hospital of Harare, Zimbabwe between 2005 and 2006. To whom were collected different variables such as age, sex, skin biopsy result, HIV test, time of detection and stages of this disease. Finding that sex more affected was masculine with 63,5 percent of patients, 87,9 percent of patients had a time of detection were less than 16 months, 93 percent of patients were found between 3 and 4 stage of this disease, 95,3 percent were classified as epidemic KS and 2,6 percent endemic KS, ratio male-female was 8:1 in endemic KS and 77,17 percent of patients with epidemic KS were between 25 and 44 years and 59 percent of endemic KS were more then 55 years(AU)

Sarcoma de Kaposi asociado al SIDA / Management of aids-related Kaposi's sarcoma

Kaposi's sarcoma is a multicentric neoplasm highly vascularized, and represents the most frequent malignancy among HIV-infected pesons, abeing its estimated incidence 900 thousand times higher among HIV-infected persons than in those who are not...The high incidence of disease in homosexual and bisexual men has implicated environmental and infectious factors. The authors of this reort, describe the epidemiology and pathogenesis, diagnostic evaluation and extension of the disease, and with special consideration on treatment

Epidemiology of Kaposi's sarcoma in Iran: 1984-2006.

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the rarest cancer among Iranian. This study was conducted to define the epidemiology of KS in Iran. The data of National Cancer Registry (NCR) reports from 2003-2006, Tehran Population Based Cancer Registry (TCR) from 1998 to 2001, and a literature review of the published articles until Aug. 2007 was conducted, the search strategy included all papers containing "Kaposi"were combined with the word "Iran" in their titles or abstracts. In males, the annual age-standardized incidence rate was from 0.10 to 0.17 per 100,000 and in females was from 0.06-0.08 per 100.000. Peak incidence was at ages 50-79. It is more common in male than female. The Male/Female ratio has different reports from 3.2/1 to 1.8/1. Although, there were no published reports about HHV-8 or HIV/AIDS associated with KS in Iran, the elderly might be a common associated factor for KS. The prognosis of KS after renal transplantation is good; simple reduction or cessation of immunosuppression may result in partial or complete remission of the disease.

Perfil clínico y epidemiológico del sarcoma de Kaposi clásico y epidémico: estudio retrospectivo en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia / Clinical and epidemiological profile of classic and epidemic Kaposi sarcoma: retrospective study in the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia

Objetivo: Describir las características epidemiológicas y clínicas del sarcoma de Kaposi (SK) clásico y epidémico. Material y métodos: Se revisaron y estudiaron de manera retrospectiva las características epidemiológicas y clínicas del SK clásico y epidémico diagnosticados en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) entre los años 1969 y 2003. Resultados: Se encontraron 86 casos de SK en el HNCH, de los cuales 21 (24.41 por ciento) fueron de la variedad clásica y 65 (75.58 por ciento) de la variedad epidémica. Se obtuvo una incidencia total de SK epidémico de 20.26 por cada 1000 pacientes VIH+ atendidos entre 1987 y 2003. El SK clásico presentó una relación hombre/mujer de 2.5:1; mientras que el SK epidémico presentó una relación hombre/mujer de 15.25:1. Las lesiones más comunes fueron los nódulos (50 por ciento), seguidos por placas (38.09 por ciento), máculas (32.14 por ciento) y pápulas (19.04 por ciento). Las máculas se presentaron con mayor frecuencia en los casos de SK epidémico en comparación a los casos de SK clásico (p menor que 0.05). Hubo un mayor compromiso de miembros inferiores en los casos de SK clásico en comparación con el SK epidémico, asismo un mayor compromiso de tronco y mucosa oral en los casos de SK epidémico en comparación con el SK clásico (p menor que 0.05). Conclusiones: El presente estudio demuestra una alta incidencia de SK epidémico en nuestro país.Las variedades estudiadas son entidades clinicamente diferentes. El SK clásico tiene característicamente una presentación nodular, asimétrica y con compromiso marcado de miembros inferiores, mientras que el SK epidémico exhibe característicamente un patrón multifocal, simétrico y pleomórfico, capaz de afectar piel, mucosas y órganos internos.

Cancer and AIDS.

The occurrence of cancer as an AIDS defined disease is a subject that has received scant attention in the Indian medical establishments and lay public. It is important to know that the concept of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was ushered in with reports of rare forms of cancers in HIV infected subjects. In the developed countries 34% of AIDS patients suffer from cancer, a cancer that is very aggressive, resistant to treatment and often fatal. On the other hand, incidence of cancer in patients infected with HIV virus is only 3%-4% in the Indian population. Nearly all patients with AIDS in India are victims of tuberculosis and opportunistic infections. Among the various cancers reported in the Indian population Kaposi's sarcoma is very rare indeed. AIDS associated malignant tumours tend to be more anaplastic and disseminate fairly early. The object of this review is to increase awareness of the various aspects of cancer and AIDS. There is an urgent need to improve gathering of epidemiological data and to direct research effort to explain a very strikingly low incidence of cancers in Indian subjects as compared to that in the West (prevalence of 4% versus 34% among HIV infected patients).